然而,这盘唯一可以还原当时桑兰摔伤真实情况的录像带,却被Carter教练尘封了17年之久。Carter拒绝向公众和媒体发布此录像带的原因之一是:他不想让这些镜头给桑兰带来一遍又一遍可怕的回忆。(”I would never allow it to be used in a way that Sang Lan herself would relive this horrible tragedy over and over.”)
另一名研究运动员保健方面的专家William A Sands通过Carter教练的录像,得出的结论是:桑兰跳马比赛中,根据桑兰的身高,助跳板离马鞍稍微远了一些,或者说,桑兰的步子大了一些,导致她踩在助跳板的位置比较靠前,因此没有能够控制好姿势。
四丶如果桑兰是恶意诬告(嫌疑很大),将承担何种责任? 1丶刑事责任 ① 伪证罪(Perjury) 根据纽约刑法典(New York State Penal Law)S 210.15条,如果在虚假发誓的个人陈述中包含证词,或者对于法庭程序和动作起关键作用,那么将构成一级伪证罪。一级伪证罪属于D级重罪。D级重罪可能的刑期在一年以上。 S 210.15 Perjury in the first degree. A person is guilty of perjury in the first degree when he swears falsely and when his false statement (a) consists of testimony, and (b) is material to the action, proceeding or matter in which it is made. Perjury in the first degree is a class D felony.
② 虚假报案罪(Falsely Reporting An Incident) 按照纽约刑法典S 240.55条,如果明知是虚假的信息而报案,将构成二级虚假报案罪,属于E级重罪。E级重罪的刑期也可能超过一年。 S 240.55 Falsely reporting an incident in the second degree. A person is guilty of falsely reporting an incident in the second degree when, knowing the information reported, conveyed or circulated to be false or baseless, he or she: 1. Initiates or circulates a false report or warning of an alleged occurrence or impending occurrence of a fire, explosion, or the release of a hazardous substance under circumstances in which it is not unlikely that public alarm or inconvenience will result; 2. Reports, by word or action, to any official or quasi-official agency or organization having the function of dealing with emergencies involving danger to life or property, an alleged occurrence or impending occurrence of a fire, explosion, or the release of a hazardous substance which did not in fact occur or does not in fact exist; or 3. Knowing the information reported, conveyed or circulated to be false or baseless and under circumstances in which it is likely public alarm or inconvenience will result, he or she initiates or circulates a report or warning of an alleged occurrence or an impending occurrence of a fire, an explosion, or the release of a hazardous substance upon any private premises. Falsely reporting an incident in the second degree is a class E felony.
2丶民事责任: ① 诽谤(Defamation),因桑兰向媒体公众宣扬刘国生的儿子性侵她,造成对刘国生儿子的伤害。 构成诽谤需要满足四个条件:虚假陈述(a false statement)丶向无特权的第三方披露(published to a third party without privilege or authorization)丶至少有疏失错误(with fault amounting to at least negligence)丶造成特别伤害或污蔑(that caused special harm or defamation per se)。
② 诬告(Abuse of Process) 诬告需要满足三个条件:已经发生的民事或刑事程序(Regularly issued process, either civil or criminal)丶有目的无正当理由的伤害(Intent to do harm without excuse or justification)丶为获取法律程序之外的标的物(In order to obtain a collateral objective that is outside the legitimate ends of the process)。