美国最新大学排行榜出炉 引发争议受抵制
杂志推出了08-09年的美国大学综合实力及各个单项的排行榜。专家认为,学生不应该根据排行榜来决定自己的选择,排行榜只应被用来作参考。和往年一样,一些反排行榜组织抨击排行榜出炉的原因是受到商业利益的驱使。
杂志每年推出一份美国大学综合实力及各个单项的排行榜。在最近刚刚推出的08-09年美国大学本科综合实力排行榜上,哈佛大学位列第一,排名第二到第十的大学分别是普林斯顿大学、耶鲁大学、麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学、加州理工学院、宾夕法尼亚大学、哥伦比亚大学、杜克大学以及芝加哥大学。
排名前四的文科学院分别是安默斯特学院、威廉姆斯学院、斯沃斯莫尔学院以及卫斯理学院;排名前四的公立大学包括加州大学伯克利分校、维吉尼亚大学、加州大学洛杉矶分校以及密西根大学。排行榜上还包括其它各门学科比如商科、物理、化学、工程学等各种五花八门的排名。
美国每年有很多不同的大学排行榜,不过杂志的排行榜应该算是最权威、最受学生和家长喜爱和认可的一份排名。肯尼思·特雷尔是杂志专门负责评选最佳综合大学排名的编辑。他在接受记者采访时表示,这和该杂志连续25年来对读者提供广泛和可靠的信息息息相关。
他说:“我们比其它任何一个排行榜起步的时间都早,而且我们提供的信息量远远超过其它的排行榜,我们搜集了数不胜数的各种数据,加以分析整理后呈现给我们的读者,所以读者非常看重我们的排名。”
近年来,纷纷出炉的各种大学排行榜遭到了一些教育界人士以及社会人士的大力抨击,他们认为搞大学排名是排名机构受经济利益驱使,这将对学生起到误导作用。
2007年,位于俄勒冈州的非营利组织维护教育组织(Education Conservancy)联合美国大约一百所高校的校长发出倡议信,敦促全国各高校校长一起拒绝填写排名调查表,也不要利用排行榜作为学校的宣传内容。
维护教育组织的执行总监罗伊德·撒克(Lloyd Thacker)在接受记者采访时说:“大学排行榜是大学申请和录取走向商业化的罪魁祸首,排名损害了教育的真正目的和价值,使教育系统出现了危机局面。这种排名在美国已经有30年的历史了,30年来,没有任何可衡量的数据显示这些排行榜对学生产生任何教育方面的益处;相反,排行榜对学生产生的负面影响却是不断出现。”
虽然社会各方对于排行榜一事各执一词,但是一些上了榜单的学校还是非常乐见这样的排名结果。在本科教学综合实力排名榜上位居第23以及在最佳公立学校上位居第二的维吉尼亚大学对学校取得的成绩感到非常骄傲。
维吉尼亚大学的新闻发言人卡罗尔·伍德女士(Carol Wood)在接受采访时告诉记者说:“事实上我们真的感到很高兴。我们已经连续两年取得这样的好成绩,这显示了我们要把学校办成最好大学的决心。当然,这要归功于学校的每一位教职员工和学生的努力,是他们让我们学校变成一个学习和生活的最佳场所。”
排行榜上的排名靠前是否对吸引学生申请学校起到了决定性作用呢?维吉尼亚大学的新闻发言人伍德女士不这样认为,她表示,学校在教育界的良好声誉才是吸引学生的关键因素。
她说:“我们努力让学生在就学过程中能够在教育和学术上积累丰富经验;我们学校的声誉不是建立在排名先后的顺序上的,我们的学生知道他们在我们这里能够接受到良好的教育,他们在这里接受的本科教育将对他们今后的人生产生积极的影响。”
杂志在对大学进行排名时主要参考了几个因素,包括同行的评估、毕业率、结业率、班级规模、录取筛选过程、学生的SAT 成绩、以及学生的高中成绩等等。该杂志编辑肯尼思·特雷尔对记者表示,虽然他们的排名是在科学分析的基础上得出的,但是学生在选择学校时应该根据自己的需要做出决定。
他说:“在决定上哪个学校前,学生应该只把我们的排行榜作为一种工具,我们只是鼓励学生在挑选心仪的学校前,看看该校的各种排名,然后再看看同一地区的其它学校的各项指标如何,这样学生有机会把他们感兴趣的学校进行比较,看看哪所学校最适合他们。”
虽然维护教育组织和其它一些机构发起了联合抵制大学排名的行动,但是据杂志编辑肯尼思·特雷尔的介绍,他们对各个高校发出的问卷调查回收率还是相当可观的,和几年前相比并没有出现减少的趋势。
09年最新最全美国国家级综合大学排名
RankingThe name of universityCity国家一、二级大学排名1Harvard UniversityCambridge, MA
2Princeton University
Princeton, NJ
3Yale University
New Haven, CT
4Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA
4Stanford UniversityStanford, CA
6California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA8Columbia UniversityNew York, NY
Duke University
Durham, NC
University of ChicagoChicago, IL
11Dartmouth CollegeHanover, NH
12Northwestern University
Evanston, IL
Washington University in St. Louis
St. Louis, MO
14Cornell University
Ithaca, NY
15Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD
16Brown UniversityProvidence, RI17Rice University
Houston, TX
18Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, TN
21University of California--Berkeley
Berkeley, CA
22Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA
23Georgetown University
Washington, DC
University of Virginia
CharlottesvilleVA
25University of California--Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA26University of Michigan--Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor, MI
27University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA
28Tufts University
Medford, MA
Wake Forest University
WinstonSalemNC
30University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC
31Brandeis UniversityWaltham, MA
32College of William and Mary
Williamsburg, VA
33New York UniversityNew York, NY
34Boston College
Chestnut Hill, MA
35Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, GA
Lehigh University
Bethlehem, PA
University of California--San Diego
La Jolla, CA
University of Rochester
Rochester, NY
University of Wisconsin--MadisonMadison, WI
40University of Illinois--Urbana-Champaign
Champaign, IL41Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, OH
Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, NY
University of Washington
Seattle, WA
44University of California--Davis
Davis, CA
University of California--IrvineIrvine, CA University of California--Santa Barbara
Santa BarbaraCA
47Pennsylvania State University--University Park
Uni Park, PA
University of Texas--Austin
Austin, TX49University of Florida
Gainesville, FL50Yeshiva University
New York, NY
51Tulane University
New Orleans, LA
University of Miami
Coral Gables, FL
53George Washington University
Washington, DC
Syracuse UniversitySyracuse, NY
University of Maryland--College Park
College Park, MD
56Ohio State University--Columbus
Columbus, OH
Pepperdine University
Malibu, CA
58University of GeorgiaAthens, GA
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
60Boston UniversityBoston, MA
61Clemson UniversityClemson, SC
Fordham UniversityNew York, NY
University of Minnesota--Twin Cities
Minneapolis, MN
64Rutgersthe State Uni of New Jersey-New BrunswickPiscataway, NJ
Texas A&M University--College StationCollege St TX
66Miami University--OxfordOxford, OH
Purdue University--West LafayetteWest Lafayette,IN
Southern Methodist University
Dallas, TX
University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT
University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA
71Indiana University--Bloomington
Bloomington, IN
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI
University of Delaware
Newark, DE Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcester, MA
76Baylor UniversityWaco, TX
77Marquette UniversityMilwaukee, WI
SUNY--BinghamtonBinghamton, NY
University of Colorado--Boulder
Boulder, CO
80Clark UniversityWorcester, MA
Colorado School of MinesGolden, CO
St. Louis UniversitySt. Louis, MO
83American UniversityWashington, DC
North Carolina State University--RaleighRaleigh, NC
SUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuse, NY
Stevens Institute of TechnologyHoboken, NJ
University of AlabamaTuscaloosa, AL
University of TulsaTulsa, OK
89Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia, PA
Iowa State University
Ames, IA
University of California--Riverside
Riverside, CA
University of DenverDenver, CO University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS University of Nebraska--Lincoln
Lincoln, NE University of Vermont
Burlington, VT
96Auburn UniversityAuburn U, AL Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA SUNY--Stony BrookStony Brook, NY University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ
University of California--Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, CA University of Missouri--ColumbiaColumbia, MO
102Florida State UniversityTallahassee, FL
Howard UniversityWashington, DC
Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicago, IL
University of Massachusetts--AmherstAmherst, MA
University of San DiegoSan Diego, CA
University of the PacificStockton, CA
University of DaytonDayton, OH
108University of OklahomaNorman, OK
University of OregonEugene, OR
University of South Carolina--Columbia
Columbia, SC
University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN
113Brigham Young University--ProvoProvo, UT
Texas Christian University
Fort Worth, TX
University of New HampshireDurham, NH
116Catholic University of America
Washington, DC
Loyola University Chicago
Chicago, IL
Ohio UniversityAthens, OH
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY Washington State University
Pullman, WA
121Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ
Clarkson University
Potsdam, NY
Michigan Technological University
Houghton, MI
University at Buffalo--SUNY
Buffalo, NY125Colorado State University
Fort Collins, CO University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR
127New Jersey Institute of Technology
Newark, NJ
University of San FranciscoSanFranciscoCA
University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT130Duquesne UniversityPittsburgh, PA Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS Louisiana State University--Baton Rouge
Baton Rouge, LA
Samford UniversityBirmingham, AL
国家三级大学(共63所,排名131-193),排名不分先后,按字母顺序排列131Adelphi UniversityGarden City, NY132Andrews UniversityBerrien Springs, MI133Azusa Pacific University
Azusa, CA134Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN135Bowling Green State UniversityBowling Green, OH136DePaul UniversityChicago, IL137Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourne, FL138George Mason UniversityFairfax, VA139Hofstra UniversityHempstead, NY
140Illinois State UniversityNormal, IL141Kent State UniversityKent, OH142Mississippi State UniversityMississippi State, MS143Missouri University of Science & TechnologyRolla, MO144Montana State UniversityBozeman, MT145New SchoolNew York, NY146North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND147Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater, OK148Old Dominion UniversityNorfolk, VA149Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR150Pace UniversityNew York, NY151Pacific UniversityForest Grove, OR152Polytechnic UniversityBrooklyn, NY153Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey--NewarkNewark, NJ154SUNY--AlbanyAlbany, NY155Seton Hall UniversitySouth Orange, NJ156South Carolina State UniversityOrangeburg, SC157Southern Illinois University--CarbondaleCarbondale, IL158St. John's UniversityQueens, NY159Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA160Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, TX161University of Alabama--BirminghamBirmingham, AL162University of Alabama--HuntsvilleHuntsville, AL163University of Central FloridaOrlando, FL164University of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH165University of Colorado--DenverDenver, CO166University of Hawaii--ManoaHonolulu, HI
167University of IdahoMoscow, ID168University of Illinois--ChicagoChicago, IL169University of La VerneLa Verne, CA170University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY171University of MaineOrono, ME172University of Maryland--Baltimore CountyBaltimore, MD173University of Massachusetts--LowellLowell, MA174University of MississippiUniversity, MS175University of Missouri--Kansas CityKansas City, MO176University of MontanaMissoula, MT177University of Nevada--RenoReno, NV178University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM179University of North Carolina--CharlotteCharlotte, NC180University of North Carolina--GreensboroGreensboro, NC181University of North DakotaGrand Forks, ND182University of Rhode IslandKingston, RI
183University of South DakotaVermillion, SD184University of South FloridaTampa, FL185University of Southern MississippiHattiesburg, MS186University of St. ThomasSt. Paul, MN187University of Texas--DallasRichardson, TX188University of WyomingLaramie, WY189Utah State UniversityLogan, UT190Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA191West Virginia UniversityMorgantown, WV192Western Michigan UniversityKalamazoo, MI193Widener UniversityChester, PA国家四级大学(共所,排名194-258),排名不分先后,按字母顺序排列194Barry UniversityMiami Shores, FL195Biola UniversityLa Mirada, CA196Central Michigan UniversityMount Pleasant, MI197Clark Atlanta UniversityAtlanta, GA198Cleveland State UniversityCleveland, OH199East Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC200East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson City, TN201Florida A&M UniversityTallahassee, FL202Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca Raton, FL203Florida International UniversityMiami, FL204George Fox UniversityNewberg, OR205George Fox UniversityNewberg, OR206Georgia Southern UniversityStatesboro, GA207Georgia State UniversityAtlanta, GA208Golden Gate UniversitySan Francisco, CA209Idaho State UniversityPocatello, ID210Immaculata UniversityImmaculata, PA211Indiana State UniversityTerre Haute, IN212Indiana University of PennsylvaniaIndiana, PA213Indiana University-Purdue University--IndianapolisIndianapolis, IN214Jackson State UniversityJackson, MS215Long Island University--C.W. Post CampusBrookville, NY216Louisiana Tech UniversityRuston, LA217Morgan State UniversityBaltimore, MD218New Mexico State UniversityLas Cruces, NM219North Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboro, NC220Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, AZ221Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalb, IL222Nova Southeastern UniversityFt. Lauderdale, FL223Oakland UniversityRochester, MI224Oral Roberts UniversityTulsa, OK225Portland State UniversityPortland, OR226Regent UniversityVirginia Beach, VA227San Diego State UniversitySan Diego, CA228South Dakota State UniversityBrookings, SD229Spalding UniversityLouisville, KY230St. Mary's University of MinnesotaWinona, MN231Tennessee State UniversityNashville, TN232Texas A&M University--CommerceCommerce, TX233Texas A&M University--KingsvilleKingsville, TX234Texas Woman's UniversityDenton, TX235Trevecca Nazarene UniversityNashville, TN236Trinity International UniversityDeerfield, IL237University of AkronAkron, OH238University of Alaska--FairbanksFairbanks, AK239University of Arkansas--Little RockLittle Rock, AR240University of BridgeportBridgeport, CT241University of HartfordWest Hartford, CT242University of HoustonHouston, TX243
University of Louisiana--LafayetteLafayette, LA
244University of Massachusetts--BostonBoston, MA245University of MemphisMemphis, TN246University of Missouri--St. LouisSt. Louis, MO247University of Nevada--Las VegasLas Vegas, NV248University of New OrleansNew Orleans, LA249University of North TexasDenton, TX250University of Northern ColoradoGreeley, CO251University of Texas--ArlingtonArlington, TX252University of Texas--El PasoEl Paso, TX
253University of ToledoToledo, OH254University of West FloridaPensacola, FL255University of Wisconsin--MilwaukeeMilwaukee, WI256Wayne State UniversityDetroit, MI257Wichita State UniversityWichita, KS258Wright State UniversityDayton, OH
来源:
Eggion
2008-09-27